离退休老年病患者期望性支持、获得性支持与生活质量的相关研究

Correlative analysis between received support, anticipated support and quality of life in retired elderly patients

目的探讨离退休老年病患者期望性支持和获得性支持与生活质量的相互关系。方法采用世界卫生组织生存质量量表（WHOQOL-100）和美国Michigan大学编制的评定期望性支持和获得性支持的条目对324名离退休老年病人进行评定。结果方差分析显示，期望性支持低分组、中间组、高分组在WHOQOL-100心理领域[（13．26±1．75）分，（14．46±1．60）分，（15．27±1．78）分]、社会关系领域[（13．03±1．89）分，（14．54±1．53）分，（15．75±1．77）分]、环境领域[（12．58±1．41）分，（13．88±2．03）分，（14．86±2．22）分]、精神／宗教信仰[（10．74±3．17）分，（12．83±2．87）分，（13．81±3．28）分]、总的生活质量及健康状况[（12．38±2．54）分，（13．98±2．08）分，（15．02±2．22）分]等比较，差异有显著性（P〈0．01），期望性支持高分组生活质量高于中间组，中间组高于低分组；在WHOQOL-100生理领域和独立领域3组比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。相关分析显示，WHOQOL-100心理领域、社会关系领域、环境领域、精神／宗教信仰、总的生活质量及健康状况与期望性支持、获得性支持高度相关（P〈0．01）；WHOQOL-100生理领域与期望性支持、获得性支持之间相关不明显（P〉0．05）。结论离退休老年病人期望性支持和获得性支持与生活质量密切相关，获得性支持和期性支持对维护老年病人心理功能、社会功能和总的生活质量及健康状况有益。

Objective To analyze the relationship between received support, anticipated support and quality of life（QOL） in retired elderly patients. Methods 324 retired elderly patients were tested with the scales of WHOQOL-100, received support, anticipated support. Results Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences in QOL in psychological （ 13.26 ± 1.75,14.46 ± 1.60,15.27 ± 1.78 ） , social relation （ 13.03 ± 1.89,14.54 ± 1.53,15.75 ± 1.77 ）, environment domains （ 12.58 ± 1.41,13.88 ± 2.03,14.86 ± 2. 22 ）, total QOL and healthy status（ 12.38 ± 2.54,13.98 ± 2.08,15.02 ± 2.22）among the three groups patients of low scores, meddle scores, and high scores of anticipated support （ P 〈 0.01 ） , and there were no significant differ- ences in QOL in physiological and independent domains among those three groups（ P〉 0.05 ）. Correlation analysis shows that the received support and anticipated support had strong correlation with QOL in psychological, social relation,environment domains,total QOL and healthy status （ P 〈 0.01 ）, and there was not obvious correlation be- tween QOL in physiological domain with the received support and anticipated support（ P 〉 0.05 ）. Conclusion - There is a close correlation between received support, anticipated support and quality of life in retired elderly patients, and both received support and anticipated support are beneficial to their QOL in in psychological, social relation, environment domains,total QOL and healthy status.