中学生视力不良问题简易风险自评问卷的研制

Development of a brief self-administered risk questionnaire for poor vision of middle school students

目的研制适合中学生的视力不良问题风险自评问卷。方法整个研究分为问卷编制和信度、效度考评两个阶段。其中，第一阶段包括7个步骤：（1）确立问卷目标定位、理论框架、指标编写原则和设置格式；（2）建立初始指标库；（3）专题小组讨论，初步筛选指标，编制初始问卷；（4）初始问卷预测试；（5）专家咨询；（6）采用G-P分析筛选指标；（7）专题小组讨论，确定最终问卷。第二阶段通过大规模现场调查对信度、效度进行评价，包括：（1）采用Pearson相关系数评价重测信度；（2）使用克朗巴赫仅系数评价内部一致性信度；（3）采用现场调查反馈意见评价表面效度；（4）通过探索性因子分析评价结构效度。采用分层整群抽样从湖南省中学生中随机抽取96个班的学生构成现场测试样本，并从中随机抽取4个班的学生构成重测样本。采用Epidata3.0建立数据库并录人数据，采用SPSS11.0进行统计分析。结果（1）第一阶段最终得到包括10个指标的中学生视力不良问题简易风险自评问卷。G-P分析显示，各指标的t检验结果P值均小于0，05；（2）重测Pearson相关系数为0．80，P〈0．05；问卷的克朗巴赫α系数为0，56；调查过程中问卷得到了填写学生的认可；因子分析共提取3个公因子，解释总变异的48．07％。结论中学生视力不良问题简易风险自评问卷具有良好的信度和效度。

Objective To develop a self-administered risk questionnaire for poor vision suitable to middle school students. Methods Two phases were conducted to develop the questionnaire, scale development and validation. Phase one included seven steps ： （ 1 ） determining the objective, theoretical framework, principles and format for indicator writing; （2） setting up the preliminary indicator pool; （3） selecting indicators and forming pilot questionnaire through focus group; （4） testing the pilot questionnaire; （5） further correcting the questionnaire through expert consulting; （6） choosing indicators again using good-poor analysis ; and （7） shaping the final questionnaire. Phases two consisted of： （ 1 ） using the Pearson correlation coefficient to assess the test-retest relia- bility; （2） using the Cronbach＇s α coefficient to assess the internal consistency reliability; （3） using the feed- backs from field investigation to assess the face validity; and （4） using explanatory factor analysis to assess the construct validity. The students of 96 classes were selected at random in Hunan Province as the field test sample using stratified sampling and cluster sampling. And the students of four classes were chosen again from 96 classes to serve as the test-retest sample. Epidata 3.0 was used to build the database and SPSS 11.0 to analyze the data. Resuits （ 1 ） A brief self-administered risk questionnaire for poor vision of middle school students with 10 items was formed through phase one. Good-poor analysis showed t test result for each item was statistically significant （ P 〈 0.05 ）. （2）The Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.80 （ P 〈 0.05 ） ; the Cronbach＇ s α coefficient was 0.56; the questionnaire was recognized by the students participating in field test; three common factors were extracted using explanatory factor analysis, accounting for 48.07% of total variation. Conclusion It was concluded that brief self-administered risk questionnaire for poor vision of middle school students was a reliable and valid tool.