HLA抗原及其分型方法

An Estimation of HLA Class Ⅱ Gemotyping Techniques

ＨＬＡ抗原及其分型方法李国选王申五（北京医科大学人民医院血液病研究所，１０００３４）ＡＢＳＴＲＡＣＴＨＬＡａｎｔｉｇｅｎ（Ａｇ）ｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｄＨＬＡｃｌａｓｓⅠ，ⅡａｎｄⅢ．ＴｈｅＨＬＡｃｌａｓⅠａｎｄⅡＡｇｍｅｄｉａｔｅｄａｎｄｒｅｇｕｌａｔｅｄ...

HLA antigen(Ag)included HLA classⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ.The HLA class Ⅰand ⅡAg mediated and regulated immune response.The HLA class Ⅰ Ag consists of one heavy chain encoded by the class Ⅰ gene located within the HLA complex and the light chain called β 2 microglobulin.The class Ⅰ heavy chain cosists of 3 external domains called α1,2 and α3,each about 90 amino acids.The heavy chain also has a transmembrane region of 39 residues and a short internal cytoplasmic component,approximately 27 residues.The classⅡ Ag molecules like classⅠ molecules,are heterodimers.They are composed of two chain,α and β,both of the α and β are anchored in the cell membrane.The CD4 + T lymphocytes recognize Ag peptides together with self class Ⅱ Ags,while the CD8 + T cell recognize peptide Ag in the context of self class Ⅰ Ags.HLA Ags have a variety and individual specificity,and it plays an important role in the rejection of allo tissue transplantation.It is known that the number of alleles for HLA A is 57,B 108,DRB 9,DQB1 19 and DPB1 11.The matching of class Ⅰ Ags remains to use serology method,while the matching of class Ⅱ Ags is usually by genotyping methods for selecting tissue donor(esp.BMT).The normal genotyping methods included PCR RFLP,PCR SSO,PCR SSP and their combination in the clinical transplantation.A comparison of these techniques was made here