试论邓小平社会主义观的三重理性向度

Dimensions of Triple Reasons in Deng Xiao-ping's Theory of Socialism

邓小平社会主义观的建构不仅表现出了敏锐的政治眼光和过人的实践胆识,同时也彰显出了极大的理论勇气和高超的政治智慧。其社会主义观既是基于"问题意识"的现实考量,又是基于"理性精神"的理论重构。从哲学理性的视角看,它至少凸显了这样几个理性向度:一是以"对话沟通"为旨趣的交往理性向度,二是以"功用效果"为判据的实用理性向度,三是以"崇实尚行"为意旨的实践理性向度。交往理性向度实现了社会主义与资本主义从意识形态层面的紧张对峙到文化交往层面价值求同的转变,实用理性向度实现了社会主义从结构形态到功能形态的转变,而实践理性向度则实现了中国马克思主义者重构社会主义理论的主体意识与理论使命感从依附文本、盲从他者到独立自主、大胆创新的转变。

Deng Xiao-ping＇s theory of socialism epitomizes not only his political insights, but also his courage and wisdom in theorization. His theory of socialism is both realistic and reasonable. Philosophically, there are dimensions of triple reasons in the theory： that of communicative reason, in which dialogues and communications are intended; that of pragmatic reason, which takes effectiveness as its judgment; and that of practical reason, which sets a high value on actions. Consequently, in the first dimension, the transition has been reached from ideological tension between socialism and capitalism to the convergence of values through cultural communication. In the second one, a change can be seen from the structural form to the functional form of socialism. In the third one, Chinese Marxists have established their self-consciousness and sense of mission to reconstruct a socialist theory, so that they turn from blind followers into independent innovators.