从“温柔敦厚”到“发愤”、“绮靡”——对朱自清先生“诗言志”说的再思考

From Being Gentle,Kind,Honest and Sincere to Being Indignant and Pompous——Reconsidering Zhu Ziqing's Paraphrase of "Poetry is the Expression of Ambition"

中国古典诗论的两大倾向———重政治教化与重自由抒情,其主要区别在审美趣味,诗教强调作品情性与风味的温柔敦厚,推崇中和之美。因之,屈原的"发愤抒情"、陆机的"缘情绮靡",一于内而论情感,一于外而论文辞,然实表里相依、气声相应,各以其"发愤"、"绮靡"突破诗教的美学要求,呈现新意。若拈以"言志"、"缘情"区分此两类诗论倾向,不免易滋误解,遮蔽了二者区别的核心所在。

Two opposing tendencies can be seen in classical Chinese poetry： politacal moralization and emouonal expression. They differ mainly in aesthetic taste, in which the former stresses much on the mild tone and taste of poetry, advocating for the qualities of being gentle, kind, honest and sincere. If so, Qu Yuan＇s righteous indignation and Lu Ji＇s rhetorical pomposity, though different in taste, may be the same in essence and bring forth the same effect： both break through the aesthetic restrictions of political moralization. Indignation and pomposity should not be the criteria for us to categorize their poems.