中国中产阶级的规模、认同和社会态度

The Scope,Identity,and Social Attitudes of the Middle Class in China

本文基于中国社会科学院社会学研究所2006年3月-5月进行的"中国社会状况调查"(CGSS2006)的数据,以收入、职业和教育作为三个基本维度,对中国当前发展阶段的中产阶级规模以及中等收入者的规模进行了测算,并比较了"客观中产"和"认同中产"在社会态度一致性上的差异。根据本文的研究结果,我国目前的中产阶级在全国占12.1%,在城市社会中占25.4%,但这个所谓中产阶级,目前并不是一个具有统一的社会态度和行为取向的"阶级"。

This paper analyses the scope and roles of the middle class in its developing stage and those with medium-level incomes in current China on the three dimensions of income,occupation,and education.The analysis has led to a classification of the middle class into three strata:'core middle class,' 'semi-core middle!class,' and 'peripheral middle class.' The paper further compares the 'objective middle class' with the 'subjective middle class'(i.e.,identity of the middle class) in terms of their differences in social attitudes and the factors that are influencing their economy,politics,and social attitudes.This analysis is entirely based on the data from a national-wide survey-the Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS2006) conducted from March to May in 2006 by the Institute of Sociology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,which involved 7,100 households sampled from 28 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions.It is found that the middle class currently constitutes 12.1 percent of the population in all China and 25.4 percent in urban China.However,this so-called middle class or the objective middle class within the definition by its incomes,occupations,and education is not yet a coherent class with unified social attitudes and behavioral intentions.