水葫芦资源化处置与综合利用研究评述

REVIEW ON COMPREHENSIVE DISPOSAL AND UTILIZATION OF WATER HYACINTH

水葫芦(凤眼莲)是一种源自南美的浮水植物。由于人为引入,水葫芦已经遍布整个热带、亚热带地区,带来了诸如鱼类减产、影响捕鱼、堵塞航道等问题。水葫芦木质素、纤维素含量高,含水率大,因此处置处理困难;同时由于水葫芦种子存活时间长、繁殖速度快,所以水葫芦的控制至今仍是个难题。简要阐述了水葫芦的生物学特性及现有的控制方法;对水葫芦的化学组成研究进行了总结;将其资源化处置方式归纳为制备燃料(固体燃料、液体燃料及气体燃料)、饲料(干饲料、青贮饲料)和肥料(有机肥、绿肥)3种方式,在对各项技术分别评述的基础上进行了比较。提出制备沼气燃料和有机肥是水葫芦目前较有前景的利用方式。但对于农村地区的水葫芦处置来说,简易的堆肥和绿肥还田是更为合适的处置方式。

Water hyacinth is believed to have originated in the Amazon basin in South America,where it was kept under control by natural predators.However,the plant has spread throughout the whole tropical and semi-tropical zone by human introduction,causing various kinds of problems such as the reduction of fish production,its interference with fishing and the obstruction of shipping routes.Water hyacinth is difficult to be disposed because of its high content of lignin and fibrin,and its fast growth and robustness of seeds and absence of soundly applicable technology make it difficult to be controlled.In this paper,the biological characters of water hyacinth and existing controlling methods of the plant were briefly introduced at first.Chemical contents of the plant were also described.The present utilization methods of water hyacinth can be summarized into three modes-preparation for fuel（solid fuel,liquid fuel and gaseous fuel）,for fodder（fodder and silage）and for manure（organic fertilizer and green manure）,and the modes were also compared with each other.It is concluded that the production of biogas and organic fertilizer from water hyacinth is a potential method;as for the disposal of the plant in rural areas,composting and green manure treatment are better ways.