欧洲虚无主义及其克服——读海德格尔《尼采》札记

European Nihilism and the Overcoming: the Reading Notes of Heidgger’s Nieztsche

本文对海德格尔的《尼采》一书中的核心主题即欧洲虚无主义问题进行了层层深入的剖析,指出:海德格尔克服欧洲虚无主义的方式仅仅是追问存在本身,反对一切定义和陈述,试图"不顾存在者而思存在",同样陷入两难:要么摆脱不了主体形而上学和价值论,要么沉默不言、否定语言,两者都仍然是虚无主义。本文从中西文化对比中突显了海氏的文化困境,指出他根本上并没有超出西方主体形而上学的限域,仍然是从价值论和人本主义的立场来思考和提出"克服欧洲虚无主义"的理论任务,这一任务在西方文化的语境中只有通过历史主义才能完成。

This essay makes a deep analysis of the key subject of Heidgger’s Nieztsche, namely European Nihilism, and points out that Heidgger’s approach to overcoming European Nihilism is only questioning the being itself, opposing all the definitions and statements, and trying to 'think about the being regardless of it', which falls into a dilemma: either failing to be free from metaphysics of subjectivity and axiology or being reticent and denying language is still nihilism. This essay highlights Heidgger’s cultural predicament through the comparison between Chinese and Western cultures, pointing out that he did not exceed the bounds of western metaphysics of subjectivity at all; instead, he thought and advanced the theoretical task of 'overcoming European nihilism' from the perspective of axiology and humanism, which can be fulfilled only by means of historicism in the context of Western culture.