什么粘住了中国企业自主创新能力提升的翅膀

What Curbs the Wings of China Firms' Innovativeness?

中国企业的自主创新能力总体面临着"理论上重要但实践中滞后"的情形。本文指出企业是经济活动的真正主体,企业家是企业自主创新的最终推动者,企业家对企业自主创新的决策取决于对市场的判断和对生产要素价格的权衡。据此,中国的渐进式改革诱发了要素市场发育程度滞后于商品市场,结果土地、资本、劳动等要素价格存在不同程度的"低估"现象,这刺激了企业和企业家密集使用有形要素、而较少有动力和压力投资于自主创新,企业自主创新能力滞后是企业家在现有要素市场和价格下理性进行要素组合的结果。未来提升企业自主创新能力的要害是持续推进要素市场的发育和完善,通过"健全要素市场"和"矫正要素价格"来促进企业自主创新能力的持续提升。

China firms' innovativeness is generally characterized by 'theoretical importance with practical lag'.This article points out that entrepreneurs serve as the terminal promoters whose decisions regarding innovativeness are based on their judgment of market and estimate of factor prices.Thus,China's gradual reform results in the lag of factor market compared to consumer market,leading to poor estimate of factor prices such as land,capital and labor.This fact encourages firms to intensively employ tangible factors with less motivation and pressure to invest in innovation.The key to promote firms' innovativeness is to continuously perfect factor market through 'factor market improvement' and 'factor price reform' in the future.