中俄职业体育发展的进程

Progress of Development of Chinese and Russian Professional Sport

中俄职业体育均脱胎于"国家职业化"倾向的竞技体育和受政府及市场双重力量影响;职业体育俱乐部法律组织形式基本经历从专业队到赞助型、联合型俱乐部,再到责任、股份有限公司变化过程;两国职业体育俱乐部产权关系均反映公司企业增多但仍保留政府作用特征,俄罗斯在体委对职业俱乐部拥有上是彻底终止,而中国仍有较大份额,民企加入拥有者队伍在中国得到一定发展。社会政治、经济采取不同改革模式的中俄两国职业体育发展经历了大致相同脉络,说明曾有过相同背景的中俄两国,由于强大的原有体制惯性以及体育发展的自身逻辑,职业体育不能一步"激进"到位。

Both of the Chinese and Russian professional sport emerge from womb of the competitive sport with the tendency of ＂state professionalization＂ and are influenced by the dual powers of government and market; legal organizational form of professional sports clubs has basically gone through the process of the changes from professional teams to support-winning-type and tmited-type clubs, then to liable limited companies; the property right relations of each country＇s professional sports clubs show the characteristic of the increment in companies＇ enterprises, but still retain government effect; Russia has completely terminated its sports committee＇s owning of professional sports clubs, while China still has a greater share and in China, the number of private-owned enterprises becoming owners of the clubs has increased to a certain extent. The development of the professional sport in the two countries of China and Russia, which adopt different models of social political and economic reforms, have undergone generally the same process, which shows that because of the powerful inertia of original system and the logic of sports development itself, the professional sport of China and Russia that once had the same background can＇ t be accomolished radically in one step