男子跳远运动员起跳力量训练方法的生物力学分析

Biomechanical Analysis of Training Methods of Male Long Jumpers' Take-Off Power

运用文献资料法、特尔菲法、运动生物力学测量法和数理统计法,对男子跳远运动员起跳力量训练方法进行定量研究。结果表明:8步助跑跳远、4步助跑5级单足跳、4步助跑5级跨步跳、起跳腿跳深摸高、起跳腿跳深跳远等5项练习被公认为发展跳远起跳力量的方法;8步助跑跳远、4步助跑单足跳、4步助跑5级跨步跳是与跳远专项非常接近的专项力量训练方法;跳深跳远练习可以促进运动员提高积极着板起跳技术。

Using the methods of literature, Delphi technique, biomechanical measurement and mathematical statistics, it made a quantitative analysis of the training methods of take-off power. The results reveal that such five exercises as long jump with 8-step approach, five hops with 4-step approach, five strides with 4-step approach, deep jump with a take-off leg and reach, and deep jump with a take-off leg and long jump are generally recognized as the methods of developing the take-off power of long jump; among them, long jump with 8-step approach, five hops with 4-step approach and five strides with 4-step approach are the methods of specific strength training conformable to long jump specificity, while the exercise of deep jump and long jump can facilitate athletes to improve their technique of active take-off and drive.