惠农政策下鄂中南地区农地租赁问题的调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis of Land Tenancy under the Policy of Benefiting Peasants in Central-south Area in Hubei Province

鄂中南地区中等偏下的工业化城市化水平导致了本地农民非农就业的异地化,土地二轮延包的完善稳定并增强了农户的土地财产权力,国家一系列惠农政策的实施带来了农户土地资产的增值。这些经济社会因素促进了鄂中南地区近几年农地租赁活动的迅速发展,同时也形成了租赁关系的亲近化,农户租赁土地租金的显性化和租赁合约以固定租金为主等特点。当然,也存在农地租约期限的不稳定性和租约的不规范性等问题。农地租赁具有保证农地占用公平和效率的双重功能,增进租赁双方和整个社会的福利,符合帕累托改进原则,代表着我国农地使用制度的发展方向。国家应该制定相关政策和法规,补偿或者降低农地租赁的交易成本,促进农户土地租赁朝着自觉、规范、有序的方向发展。

Middle-low level of industrialization and urbanization in central-south area of Hubei Province has resulted in local peasants＇ non-farming employment in other areas. The perfection of the second-round contract for farmland stabilizes and strengthens the land property right of peasants. A series of favorable agri- cultural policies increase the value of farmland. These economic and social factors promote the rapid advances of land leasing in recent years in central-south area of Hubei Province, and form the following characteristics： a kinship of leasing relation, an transparence of rent, and a majority of contracts with fixed rent. There are naturally some problems： instability of the term of lease, non-standardization of lease contract and so on. Land leasing has dual functions of ensuring the fairness and efficiency of land occupation and utilization, enhances the benefit of both leasers and the whole society, conforms to the principle of Pa- reto improvement, and stands for the direction of the reform of farmland use system. The authorities should draw up some relevant policies and measures to reduce the transaction costs in farmland leasing and promote its standardization and stable development.