产品责任制度中的缺陷概念分析

An Analysis of the Concept "Defect" in the Product Liability System

"产品缺陷"是产品责任制度中的核心概念,学界虽然对产品责任有较深刻的研究,但却多集中在对归责原则等相对宏观层面的讨论,对于建构整个产品责任制度的基础概念却都避而不谈。就立法实践而言,我国由多部法律、法规构成的产品责任体系中的缺陷概念从判断标准到具体外延均不统一,从而导致了实务上的法律适用困境。本文选择这样一个成熟问题中被忽略的细节为切入点,比较不同国家对这一概念的不同定义,探讨不同语境下"不合理安全"的具体含义,以期在《民法典》即将诞生之际对这一特殊侵权责任制度的完善提出拙见。

The “defect” is the key concept in the product liability system. Though the thorough researches about the product liability have been conducted, many researches concentrate on the macro- discussion of liability principles. Few researches concern themselves with the basic concepts in the construction of product liability system. As far as law - making practice, the denotations of concepts of “defect” in many laws or roles about product liability system are inconsistent, which result in the dilemma of the law application. With the neglected detail among the problem as the point of the penetration, the present paper compares the different definitions of “defect” in different countries and probes into the exact meaning of “unreasonable danger” in the hope of putting forward the constructive proposal for perfection of liability system at the birth of Civil Code.