政治如何进入哲学

How Can Politics Enter Philosophy?

对现代政治生活公共性的单向理解和现代哲学自身的"科学认知主义诉求",导致政治游离哲学,进而造成现代政治哲学的深刻危机。政治与哲学分离的实质是政治与道德的分离。然而,政治本身的正当合法性证成,不仅需要技术合理性的支撑,而且需要目的性价值的支撑,而政治伦理和政治美德始终是证成政治目的的必要条件,也是建构基于政治制度的良序社会之内在主体基础和政治伦理资源。由此可以确证:政治与哲学无法截然分离,因为政治不可能简约为政治治理技术,它始终需要且实际上得到政治伦理的内在支撑。通过对制度本身、制度之中和制度背后的多向度分析,我们不难找到政治如何进入或者如何重新进入哲学的通道,从而为现代政治哲学的重构找到一种、甚至多种可能的理论途径。

The deep crisis of modern political philosophy is caused by the separation of politics from philosophy brought about by the unilateral understanding of the public nature of modern political life and the 'pursuit of scientific cognitivism' in modern philosophy itself. Essentially, the separation of politics from philosophy is the separation of politics from morality. However, the justification of politics per se needs the support of both technical rationality and teleological values, and political ethics and virtues have always been the necessary conditions for the justification of political ends as well as the internal subjective foundation of a well-ordered society based on political institutions and the resources of political ethics. Therefore, politics cannot actually be separated from philosophy, since politics can never be reduced to the technology of political governance; it always needs and has in fact been getting the internal support of political ethics. Through the three dimensions of institutions (i.e., what do institutions per se mean? How do people act in institutions? And what's behind institutions?), it is not difficult for us to find an access point for politics to enter or re-enter philosophy and thereby find one or more possible approaches to the reconstruction of modern political philosophy.