理解方法论视野中的读者与文本--加达默尔与方法论诠释学

Reader and Text from the Perspective of the Methodology of Comprehension:Gadamer and Methodological Hermeneutics

判定加达默尔的理论立场是一个复杂的问题。他的本体论诠释学一般被视为一种文本中心论的理解理论,然而通过对他所从出发的现象学前提之分析,可以清楚地看出他的读者中心论的立场。正是基于这一立场,放弃了对作者原意或文本原义之诉求,必然导致对理解方法论的漠视。但是,就人们有意识的理解活动而言,首要的以及根本的任务仍然是努力获得某种相对正确的理解,而普遍有效的方法论就是其必要的前提,诠释学的认识论意义便在于此。文章的目的是,在诠释学经历了本体论的反思后重新注入一种方法论的意识,阐明诠释学回到以文本为中心的方法论立场之必要性。

To judge Gadamer's theoretical stance is a complicated matter. His ontological hermeneutics is generally regarded as a text-centered interpretive theory; however, analysis of the phenomenological premises of this theory clearly illustrates his reader-centered position, a position which leads to a retreat from pursuing the original intention of authors or the original meaning of texts, and further to an inevitable disregard for the methodology of comprehension. Nevertheless, as far as people's conscious comprehension is concerned, the primary and fundamental task remains that of obtaining some relatively correct understanding, which necessitates as a prerequisite a universally effective methodology. It is here that the epistemological significance of hermeneutics is found. This paper intends to re-introduce methodological awareness into hermeneutics following ontological reflection, and illustrate the necessity of a return to a text-centered methodological stance.