共同体理论视野下的湘湖水利集团--兼论“库域型”水利社会

Xianghu Hydraulic Interest Groups from the Perspective of Community Theory:With a Discussion of Reservoir-Centered Hydraulic Society

以人工水库为核心的水利社会,可称为"库域型"水利社会,是中国水利社会史重要类型之一,其基本问题、表现方式、水权制度、利益结构、意识形态等,与海域、江(河)域、泉域类型相比差异甚大。浙江萧山湘湖因其特殊的地理位置和供水方式,在"库域型"中是为一典型的个案。受传统公私伦理熏陶的湘湖既得利益者,把后来者一概视为敌对者,使本可调整、兼顾的利益关系被完全对立化,从而丧失了重建秩序的许多机会,加剧了湖体之淤,消解了湖水之利,最终损害了相关人群共同的家园。

Hydraulic society developed around man-made reservoirs, or what one may call reservoir-type hydraulic society, is a significant type in the history of China's hydraulic society. Compared with other types of hydraulic society, in marine, riverine or spring areas, it has quite distinct basic issues, means of expression, water rights systems, interest structures, ideology, etc. The society evolving around Xianghu (a reservoir in Xiaoshan, Zhejiang Province) is a classic case of 'reservoir-type hydraulic society' owing to Xianghu's particular geography and mode of water supply. The vested interests in Xianghu were imbued with a traditional ethical sense of public-private relations; they regarded all newcomers as their opponents, making irreconcilable interest relations that could originally have been subject to adjustment and compromise. Thus they missed many opportunities to reconstruct the order, worsening the silting-up of the reservoir system, dissipating the benefit of its water resources, and ultimately damaging the common home of the groups involved.