声发射检测技术用于滚动轴承故障诊断的研究综述

REVIEW OF DIAGNOSIS OF ROLLING ELEMENT BEARINGS DEFAULTS BY MEANS OF ACOUSTIC EMISSION TECHNIQUE

声发射是材料受力变形产生弹性波的现象,故障滚动轴承在运转过程中会产生声发射。从几个方面综合阐述了国内外轴承故障声发射检测技术的研究和发展现状,即轴承故障声发射信号的产生机理,故障声发射信号的传播衰减特性,声发射信号的参数分析法和波形分析法对故障特征的描述,轴承故障声发射源的定位问题,根据信号特征进行故障模式识别以及声发射检测和振动检测的比较问题。通过分析总结出滚动轴承声发射检测技术下一步的研究方向,并指出滚动轴承故障的声发射检测是振动检测的有力补充工具,特别是在轴承低转速和故障早期的检测中更能发挥作用。

A review of the acoustic emission (AE) techniques applied in the diagnosis of rolling element bearings is presented, that includes: the mechanism of AE signals emerged from the defective bearings, the characteristics of propagation and attenuation about the AE signals in the bearings and housings, the methods for parameters analysis and complete waveform analysis used in the defect characters extraction, determination of the location of AE sources in the outer or inner races of bearings, the pattern recognition of different types of defects according to the AE signals, the difference between the AE and vibration measurement in the diagnosis of bearings. The research that should be done in the future about rolling bearing diagnosis using the AE techniques is discussed and the conclusion is that the AE measurement technology is a good complemental tool for the vibration diagnosis, especially in monitoring extremely low speed rolling element bearings and in the early stage of defects emergence.