浅谈长江中下游地区渔业与水域环境的协调发展

TOWARD A COORDINATED DEVELOPMENT OF FISHERY AND AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT ON THE MIDDLE AND LOWER BASINS OF YANGTZE RIVER

长江中下游地区自然条件优越，淡水资源丰富，过去、现在和将来都是我国重要的渔业基地。但是工业污染和盲目开发渔业已对水环境造成严重危害，降低了水体的多重社会功能，也损害了渔业自身。为了建立可持续发展的健康渔业，必须迅速转变渔业经济增长方式，从粗放型转到集约型和效益型，并按照生态学和经济学原理，运用现代科学技术与管理手段，结合传统渔业的精华，协调发展与环境之间、资源保护与利用之间的关系，形成生态和经济的良性循环。以优质高效的养殖模式去代替旧的养殖方式，以期经济效益、社会效益和环境效益同步增长。

The middle and lower basins of Yangtze River refer to six provinces in the southeastern China and some regions of Henan and Shaanxi Provinces. They cover 1.8 million square kilo meters and take up to 36 percent of the total national freshwater storage. Favorable in climate conditions and rich in lakes and rivers, these regions have ever been one of the most important freshwater fishery resources in China. Their leading position and role in freshwater fish culture will remain. Competitive exploitation on lakes, industrial pollution and irrational fishery practices, however, started causing harmfulness on aquatic environment and fishery, reducing the diversified functions of water bodies to a certain extent. In order to set up a sustainable fishery, it is high time to convert the developmental forms of fishery economy from extensive models to intensive and high returned ones. During this practicable and theoretical transformation, we should apply ecological and economical principles, adopt the newest techniques and management,retain the quintessence of traditional freshwater fisheries and unify the relationships of (a) development and environment and (b) resource protection and its utilization. Then freshwater fisheries in these regions will develop smoothly from the views point of ecology and economics. This target could be reached by replacing traditional practices with cultural models of superior quality and high benefit. It is predicted that economic, social and environmental benefits will be simultaneously enhanced under this proposed strategy sustainable development.