击剑项目不同剑种运动员的生理、生化指标变化的特征研究

Characteristic Study on Biochemistry Index Change for Different Kinds of Fencing

目的:研究击剑运动员备战大赛期间血红蛋白(Hb)、肌酸激酶(CK)、血尿素(BU)、血睾酮(T)、皮质醇(C)、白细胞(WBC)的变化规律;揭示3个剑种各指标的变化规律及其专项特征。研究对象和方法:选择广东省男子击剑运动员共25人,运用酶学方法和放射免疫法分别对不同训练阶段Hb、CK、BU、C、WBC进行了测试。实验结果:男子重剑Hb、T基础值最高,T和男子佩剑组相比具有显著性差异(P<0.05),男子佩剑组CK在训练期的变化最为显著,和其他两组相比具有显著性差异(P<0.05),比赛后男子花剑组T值下降的幅度最为明显,和赛前比具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:Hb、T随运动负荷的递增而下降,睾酮的变化具有一定的滞后性,血红蛋白和血睾酮对男子重剑组训练负荷的反映最为敏感,表明重剑运动员有氧能力的要求较高;CK、C对男子佩剑组训练负荷较为敏感,佩剑项目对运动员爆发力的要求较高;花剑比赛对中枢神经系统的刺激最为深刻。

The purpose of this study was to analyze the significant characteristics of Hb, CK, BU, T, C and WBC in different kinds of fencing. Taking 25 fencers from Guangdong as research subjects, and Hb, CK, BU, T, C and WBC was tested. There was no significant change in Hb, CK, BU, C and WBC among three kinds of fencing at the beginning of the training. The result shows that T has a significant difference between male epee and male sabre fencer. CK of the male sabre fencers is the highest compared with the others. The change of the hemoglobin, testosterone is decreased with increased exercise load. Epee fencer has good aerobic ability, value of its hemoglobin and testosterone is the highest.