红水河梯级电站喀斯特库区土地利用及其生态系统服务价值研究

Land Use and Ecosystem Service Values in Karst Reservoir Area of Hongshui River Cascaded Hydropower Plants

以遥感数据为基础数据源,通过人机交互判读提取广西大化县1988-2006年土地利用类型数据,并分析该区土地利用变化过程及其驱动力。基于中国陆地生态系统单位面积生态服务价值,对各地类生态服务价值重新赋值,估算近18年来研究区生态服务价值变化过程。结果表明:研究区土地利用变化明显,园地、城乡建设用地、裸岩砾石地持续增加,水田、中覆盖荒草地持续减少,旱地、水域先增后减,有林地、灌木林地、低覆盖荒草地先减后增,土地利用变化有明显的区域差异。脆弱生态环境与生存型经济双重驱动、库区建设、移民安置、人口增长、经济发展及国家政策是导致区域人地关系变化的主要动因。研究区土地利用变化对生态服务功能产生了显著影响,生态系统服务价值经历了先增后减的变化过程。调控区域土地利用方式,加大对国家生态政策实施力度,合理控制城镇建设用地的发展,是喀斯特库区持续发展的有效途径。探讨喀斯特地貌单元中土地利用变化的敏感区县,寻找区域土地利用类型的组合,是促进红水河梯级电站喀斯特库区生态服务价值良性发展的关键。

Taking Dahua county of Guangxi as an example,obtaining land use data from 1988 to 2006 by user--computer interactive interpreting method based on remote sensing data, this paper analyzed the land use change and its driving force in karat reservoir area of Hongshui river. Referring to the table of Chinese land ecosystem services value of unit area, the ecosystem service values in karat reservoir area of Hongshui River were evaluated. The results indicated that land--use change in study area was obviously during nearly 18 years. Plant land, rural--urban construction land and rock land had lasted out increasing, and paddy field and middle--covered grassland were on the reverse. Arid land and water increased and then decreased, and forest, shrubbery and low--covered grassland were on the reverse. Land--use change of study regions was obviously distinction. The driving of weak environment and survival economy, construction, migration requisition, population increase, economy development and national polices were subject to the relation change between human and land. The land--use change of study area had given the notability impact on ecosystem service values, which had increased and then decreased. It also indicated that an efficiency way for sustainable regional development was to adjust land--use way and to further bring national ecosystem polices into effect and to rationally control urban land development. Under the weak environment background, this paper also stated that the keys to advance the ecosystem service values keeping the way of benign development were to further discuss the land--use change on the sensitive area in karst area and to seek the new way assembled land--use types in region.