固体酸催化酯交换制备生物柴油的研究进展

Research Progress in Biodiesel Preparation by Transesterification via Solid Acid Catalysts

制备生物柴油最常用的方法是植物油和动物脂肪的均相碱或酸催化酯交换。与石油基柴油相比,从植物油和动物脂肪生产生物柴油的主要瓶颈是生产价格,特别是原料价格。为降低生物柴油成本,应利用廉价原料(如废油脂)、采用连续酯交换工艺并从生物柴油副产品(甘油)中回收高纯度甘油。均相酸催化剂虽反应产率高,但废催化剂会带来环境问题,故固体酸催化剂已成为目前研究热点。简述了固体酸催化酯交换制备生物柴油的研究进展和发展趋势,最后提出了一些建议。

The most commonly used method for preparation of biodiesel is transesterification of vegetable oils and animal fats via homogeneous base or acid catalysts. A major hurdle in the commercialization of biodiesel from vegetable oil and animal fats, in comparison to petroleum-based diesel fuel, is its cost of manufacturing, primarily the raw material cost. In order to reduce production cost of biodiesel oil, inexpensive materials（such as used cooking oils and fats） can be used as raw materials, adaptioaa of continuous transesterification process and recovery of high quality glycerol from biodiesel by-product （glycerol） are primary options to be considered. Homogenous acid catalysts have rather high oil conversion. However, the separation of waste catalysts brings about some environmental problems. More and more research has focused on heterogeneous acid catalysts. This review focuses on an introduction to research progress in preparation of biodiesel by transesterification via solid acid catalysts and developing prospect of biodiesel. Finally are also provided. ,some suggestions for further research of hiodiesel