二十世纪五六十年代乡村叙事结构的演变——以《三里湾》、《创业史》、《艳阳天》为例

On the Evolution of the Rustic Narrative Structure in the 1950s and 60s

叙述结构具有很强的主观性,是作家对叙述对象的主观安排。20世纪五六十年代的农村叙事结构由于作家不同的文学观念、审美意识、思维方式而出现不同范型:《三里湾》以家庭为纽带的平行交错结构;《创业史》以内部阶级斗争为主线的放射结构;《艳阳天》以敌我阶级斗争为主线的放射结构。从三部作品叙事结构的演变中人们不仅看到那个时期"左"倾社会思潮和政治文化规范对作家创作心态的日益严重的干预过程,而且看到在政治权利话语的挤压下,充满亲情、乡情的日常生活叙事一步一步地退场,作家的主体意识也逐渐失落了。

The narrative structure, a subjective arrangement by the writer of narrative objects, is of distinctive subjectivity. Owing to dissimilar literary concepts, aesthetic consciousness and modes of thinking on the part of writers, there emerged in the 1950s and 60s different patterns of rustic narrative structures ： The Three Li Bay is marked by a parallel and crisscross structure focused on the family, Builders of a New Life is characterized by a radiating structure centered round class struggle within, while The Bright Spring Day features a radiating structure concentrated on class struggle between ourselves and the enemy. From the evolution of the narrative structure in the three novels can be discerned not only the increasingly severe interference in writers＇ state of mind in their creation by the then ＂Left＂ opportunist social ideological trend and political and cultural norms but also the gradual loss of writers＇ subject consciousness as well as the incessant recession of daily life narrative alive with kinship and nostalgia under the impact of the political power discourse.