北伐前夕中国政治中的外国因素

The Foreign Country Factor in Chinese Politics on the Eve of Northern Expedition

直奉战争结束后,中国政治形成外交与内政交织的局面,外国势力成为中国政治变化重要的有时甚至是决定性的因素。列强对中国政治的干预刺激了中国民族主义的高涨。"反帝"成为当时中国各界普遍的政治诉求。如何在坚持"反帝"立场的前提下争取来自境外的支持援助,处理好坚持"反帝"立场与争取外援的矛盾,成为处于"均势"状态中各派政治势力在角逐中胜出的关键。当时多数政治家都不能处理好两者的关系。其中最大的政治难题是对苏俄究竟是否属于"帝国主义"的性质判断。一般政治精英更多看到的是苏俄与西方列强维护其自身利益的共同的一面,以及它所特有的"苏堆埃"政治色彩.因而对苏俄持强烈排斥态度。国民党则强调苏俄宣传的与中国的"友好"。同时打出"反帝"与"联俄"两张政治牌,以"反帝"口号作社会动员,以"联俄"寻求苏俄的援助.虽然沾上了勾结"赤色帝国主义"的政治嫌疑,却也因此得到下层民众的拥护支持,并靠着俄国的军事及经济援助而增强了实力,其在各派政治力量的角逐中逐渐占居有利地位,并最终获得北伐的军事胜利,洵属必然.

After the Hebei-Liaoning warlords war, Chinese politics took form of the situation mingling with foreign affairs and domestic affairs. The interference imposing on the Chinese politics coming from the foreign powers stimulated the Chinese nationalism rising high. Based on the precondition, namely the insistence of ＂anti-imperialist＂ position, how to win the oversea＇s support and deal with the contradictions between the insistence of ＂anti-imperialist＂ position and winning the foreign help appropriately, became the key point to win in different political powers contention. At that time, most of the politicians could not deal with their both relationship properly. Kuomintang played two cards simultaneously, ＂anti-imperialist＂ and ＂unite Russia＂. It used ＂anti-imperialist＂ as a slogan to mobilize the society and then gained the public support, and used ＂unite Russia＂ to seek for the Soviet Russia help. Gradually, it occupied the advantageous position in the contention among different political powers, and finally got the military victory in the northern expedition.