本体论的生存论革命——克尔凯郭尔个体生存论中的本体论意蕴

Existentialism's Revolution to Ontology——The Significance of Kierkegaard's Individual Existentialism on Ontology

由柏拉图、亚里士多德开创的传统本体论的基本思想模式是:首先,设定一个超越性本体作为一切现实存在及其意义的根据和原则;然后,通过理性思辨之路来实现对"本体"的认知。在克尔凯郭尔的个体生存论中,他用概念"无"取消并超越了传统本体论对一切绝对本体的设定,从而敞开一个"无"的"空场";用"间接交往"说否定了理性认知路线对"主观真理"的把握。这样,传统本体论的基本构架被彻底瓦解。克尔凯郭尔对传统本体论进行的这场生存论革命开启了一种哲学新视角。

The thought pattern of the traditional ontology founded by Plato and Aristotle consists two steps. The first, to set up an unconditional noumenon as the essences, foundation and principle of all realistic things; Then, try to seek the knowredge on this noumenon through a rationalistic, dialectic method. In the theory on the existence of an individual, Kierkegaard did not set any noumenon, and open wide ＂blankness＂ as well as ＂nothingness＂; and that he negated the rational route could be a proper method to grasp the subjective truth, instead of the doctrine on ＂indirect intercourse＂. Consequently, the frame of the traditional ontology was disintegrated thoroughly. The existentialism＇s revolution to the traditional ontology launched by Kierkegaard have offereda new philosophical view.