论外国刑法中正当防卫的限度

On the Limit of Justifiable Defense in Foreign Laws

考察外国刑法中正当防卫的限度,对于研究我国刑法中正当防卫的限度条件具有重要意义。在大陆法系国家的刑法中,防卫行为须具有必要性与相当性就是正当防卫的限度条件。而英美法系国家一般根据不同的防卫种类,规定不同的限度条件。例如,美国刑法把正当防卫分为四类,即:自身防卫、防卫他人、防卫财产和执法防卫,并针对不同情况规定了不同的防卫限度。

Exploring the limit of justifiable defence in foreign laws is of far-reaching significance to the study of that in China＇s criminal law. In continental law system, justifiable defence should have the quality of necessity and match. Necessity and match, apparently, is the limit of justifiable defence in continental law system. However, in Common law system, the limits of justifiable defence are stated differently according to different kinds of defences. For example, in American criminal law, justifiable defences are classified into four groups： self-defense, defence of another, defence of property, and defense for law enforcement. Meanwhile it also makes different provisions for the limits of different justifiable defences accordingly.