艺术是中国文人园林的美学主题

Art:An Aesthetic Theme In Chinese Scholars'Gardens

在封建时代,中国文人园林,是由学者、画家、诗人,或者是由被贬官谪居的士大夫或怀才不遇的才子设计的。本文阐明:第一,在中国文人园林中,艺术是作为园林造景布局的主角的(图1、图2、图3)。有时园林造景就像一幅有生命的,步移景异的天然图画,有时一块“太湖石”便是一座抽象雕塑,有时一处人造溪谷,正在演奏一部天籁乐章,或植花木以倾情,或设亭榭以赏景。第二,本文又指出,在文人园林艺术作品的创作进程中,必经过三个递进的美学序列境界:第一为“生境”,即自然美和生活美的境界;第二为“画境”,即视觉与听觉形象美的境界;第三为“意境”即心灵美与理想美的境界。最后,本文又提出,中国古典文人园林,是一种艺术作品,她是一个通过光信息、声信息、符号信息,贮存了艺术家对人生对自然的“爱心”与“情感”的“宝库”作为结论。本文最后还指出,这个“宝库”中的许多信息,即使是对现代的追逐时尚的崇洋的景观大师们,也许也是很有用处的。

In the feudal age, Chinese scholars＇ gardens were designed by scholars, painters, poets, or perhaps by a degraded leaned politician or talented person who had met with bad luck. This article indicates that： First, art played a leading role in the scholars＇ gardens, as the gardens were live moving landscape paintings which change picturesque views step by step. For example, ＇Tai Hu Stones＇ look like abstract sculptures; sometimes there is a man-made gurgling brook which sounds like heavenly melody; or trees and flowers are planted to express certain sentiment; or pavilions are constructed to enjoy the fantastic view of the nature. Secondly, this article shows, in the process of creating garden design works, there are three gradational aesthetic states： the Natural State, the audio-visual Images Composition State, and the Romantic （Ideal） State. At last, this article sets forth that the Chinese classical scholar＇s garden is an artistic work, a treasury for depositing graphic information, sound information and symbol information of the love and emotion of the artist. And this treasury of the Chinese scholars＇ gardens might be useful for the modern landscape architects.