曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella maindroni)野生及养殖群体的生化特征及其形成机制的研究

COMPARISON IN BIOCHEMISTRY OF TISSUES OF WILD AND CULTURED SEPIELLA MAINDRONI

采用生化测定法,对野生及养殖曼氏无针乌贼肌肉的生化特征进行研究,并对其可能的产生机制进行探讨。结果表明,就常规生化组分而言,野生与养殖曼氏无针乌贼碳水化合物和粗脂肪含量并无显著差异(P>0.05);而在水分、粗蛋白等含量上则有显著差别(P<0.05),养殖群体含有较高的蛋白和较低的水分含量。就氨基酸组成而言,野生与养殖曼氏无针乌贼均含18种主要氨基酸,但在含量上养殖群体绝大多数氨基酸均显著高于野生群体(P<0.05)。在脂肪酸组成上,养殖群体较野生群体少一种脂肪酸(十五碳酸C15:0),而在含量上绝大部分脂肪酸与野生群体无显著差别(P>0.05)。该结果说明现阶段的人工驯养并未使曼氏无针乌贼品质下降,养殖群体完全可代替野生群体,成为人类理想的保健食品。养殖群体部分生化指标的变化可能与人工驯养条件下的饵料组成的优质化和单一化及生活环境的改变有关。

Biochemistry of tissues of wild and cultured Sepiella maindroni was analyzed. Eight natural wild ones were sampled off Zhejiang coast （Zhoushan） and eight cultured ones from a local aquiculture farm （Xiushan）, in body weight of （72.5±7.3）g and （86.9 ± 6.8）g, respectively. Results show that, in carbohydrate and crude lipid contents, both populations were similar （P〉0.05）; however, the cultures ones were richer in protein and water contents （P〈0.05）. Both populations had 18 types of amino acid in common, except for C15：0 that in wild population only. In amino acid content in tissue, the cultured population was generally higher than in wild one （P〈0.05）, while in fatty acid content, no significant difference was observed between the two populations. The overall meat quality of farmed S. maindroni was kept in all nutritious levels as its wild counterpart. Change in some biochemical compositions in cultured population was due to artificial diet formulas in a less-changed ambient factor.