广东地区儿童白血病与天然放射性的关系

Study on the ecological association between natural radioactivity and childhood leukemia in Guangdong province

目的了解广东省儿童青少年白血病发病的生态学病因。方法采用疾病监测结合文献查阅，用SPSS13．0软件进行Spearman等级相关分析。结果广东省儿童（0～18岁）白血病发病率具有明显的地区差异，茂名地区最低为0．42／10万，江门地区最高为3．13／10万，危险性相差7．45倍，与自然地理环境中的天然放射性核素^225Ra以及^232Th有等级相关，相关系数（rs）分别为0．70（P=0．011）、0．66（P=0．020），其中急性淋巴细胞性白血病与。^226Ra、^232Th的rx分别为0．66（P=0．019）和0．64（P=0．025）。分析室内γ辐射剂量率与儿童白血病发病率存在相关性，rs为0．59（P=0．042），同时对人均总有效剂量当量与儿童白血病关系进行分析，上述相关性仍然存在rs=0．59（P=0．042）。结论广东省儿童青少年白血病发病可能与该地区土壤天然放射性核素以及天然放射性有关。

Objective This study was undertaken to evaluate the ecological association between terrestrial natural radionuclide, indoor radon concentration, natural radioactivity and leukemia incidence among children under 18 years of age. Methods Data were gathered from the disease surveillance program and literature reading while software SPSS 13,0 was used to calculate the Spearman＇s correlation. Results The incidence rates of childhood （0-18 year） leukemia showed significant differences in different places with the highest as 3.13/105 in Jiangmen area and the lowest as 0.42/105 in Maoming area, The incidence in Jiangmen was 7.45 times higher than that in Maoming. There was a rank correlation between the incidence of childhood leukemia and the mean concentrations of natural radio-nuclides in soil （226 Ra and 232 Th）, with a positive correlation observed for overall leukemia （ rs = 0.70, P = 0,011 ; rs = 0.66, P = 0.02 for 226 Ra and 232Th respectively） and acute lymphoblastic leukemia （ALL） （ rs = 0.66, P = 0. 019 ; rs = 0,64, P = 0. 025 for 226Ra and 232Th respectively）. Associations between the incidence of childhood leukemia and the indoor 7 radiation dose rate, the total annual average effective dose equivalent from natural background radiation were also analyzed （both rs = 0.59, P = 0,042）. Conclusion The natural radioactivity was likely to be a causative factor for childhood leukemia in Guangdong.