国际贸易、技术进步对相对工资差距的影响——基于我国制造业数据的实证分析

The Effect of International Trade and Technology Change on Relative Wage Gap: An Empirical Study Based on China's Manufacturing Data

笔者运用2000-2005年的面板数据模型分析了我国制造业27个细分行业的对外贸易、技术进步等因素对行业相对工资差距的影响,并进一步将27个细分行业按照要素密集度的不同分为三种类型,分别分析了技术密集型、劳动密集型和资本密集型行业的进出口贸易、技术进步等变量对相对工资差距的影响。结论如下:在不考虑制造业行业特征的情形下,行业的对外贸易引起相对工资差距的扩大,行业的技术进步对相对工资差距的影响是不显著的;在将对外贸易分解为进口贸易和出口贸易的情形下,进口贸易引起相对工资差距的扩大,技术进步引起相对工资差距的缩小;在考虑制造业行业特征的情形下,行业要素密集度的不同会导致进、出口贸易和技术进步对相对工资差距产生不同的影响。

Based on China＇s data from 2000 to 2005, this paper firstly studies the effect of foreign trade and technology change on relative wage gap in China＇s 27 manufacturing sectors. And then, the paper classifies manufacturing sectors into three types： technology-intensive sectors, labor-intensive sectors and capital-intensive sectors, and separately estimates the effect of export, import and technology change on relative wage gap. Our findings are as follows. Firstly, if we take no account of sector characteristics, we will find that manufacturing foreign trade enlarges relative wage gap, but technology change in manufacturing has no evident influence on relative wage gap. Secondly, if we decompose foreign trade into import and export, we will find that import increases relative wage gap, but technology change decreases relative wage gap. And thirdly, if we take account of sector characteristics, we will find that the differences of factor intensity among sectors lead to the differences of the effect of import, export and technology change on relative wage gap.