我国农业组织的创立、成长与发展——基于280个农业组织的调查分析

The Founding,Growth and Development of Chinese Agricultural Organizations——A Case of Investigation Analysis of 280 Agricultural Organizations

农业组织的生成与发展是新农村建设的本质需要。农业组织的发展解决了农民就业、增加了农民收入、实现了创业者自主创业、增加了国家税收、延长了农业产业链、提高了农业产业竞争力、满足了居民生活需要、推动了地方经济发展等。280个农业组织的调查表明,随着农业制度变迁,在技术进步的推动下,一批农村社会"精英"依赖于他们所形成的市场意识,运用他们所掌握经验、技术和逐步积累起来的资本,推动着农村经营体制创新和农业组织形式的变革,但现代经营理念和技术素质还有待进一步的提高。农业组织化的发展趋向是经营合作化、联结产权化、运营开放化、管理现代化,培养企业家型的农业精英和提高农业从业者的素质、加快建立农业技术创新和推广体系、拓宽农业组织的融资渠道、完善农业组织内部治理结构,才能有效地促进农业组织的发展。

The formation and development of agricultural organization is the essence of the new village construction. The development of agricultural organization contributes to increase the employment rate, peasants＇ income and national tax revenue. It also helps peasants to start an undertaking, extant the agricultural chains, improve the agricultural competitiveness. Thus, residents＇ needs are to be met and the local economic development can be boosted. A questionnaire of 280 agricultural organlzatious shows that with the change of agricultural system and the advance of technology, a number of rural communities ＂elites＂ rely on their sense of the market, experience, technology and accumulated capital to promote rural operating system＇ s innovation and the change of agricultural organization form. However, their modem operating ideas and technical ability need to be further enhanced. The trend of agricultural organization is the development cooperation in business, combined with property rights, operators of open and modern management. In order to promote the development of agricultural organizations, the paper aims to foster agricultural entrepreneurship elites and to better the workers＇ quality in agriculture industry. It also hopes to help in accelerating the innovation of agricultural technology and popularization system, bordering the financing channels for agricultural organizations and improving the operating structure of agricultural organization.