一种技术时代的责任伦理何以可能——试论汉斯·约纳斯的责任原理及其实践

How Can an Ethics of Responsibility for the Techological Age be Possible——On the Principles of Responsibility of Hans Jonas and Its Practice

约纳斯认为,传统伦理学在本质上是人类中心论的,这种伦理学对技术时代的文明产生了负面影响。他基于对科学技术的哲学批判和伦理评估,尝试建立一种新型的伦理学,即责任伦理。他从责任的起源、实现及其基础等方面对责任伦理进行了理论探讨,不仅试图回答技术时代的责任伦理何以可能的问题,而且力图将责任原理[命令]运用到技术、医学与伦理学领域,表明这种责任伦理之于技术时代的重要性及其现实效应。约纳斯对责任原理的论证诉诸道德直觉和神学奠基,在责任的实现途径上他既诉诸于集体权力又强调个体责任;而这种不同于以往伦理学的理论尝试根植于他对人类中心论的深刻反思以及对自然和价值别具匠心的理解。

In the view of Hans Jonas, Traditional ethics is a sort of anthropocentrism, which has a negative influence on civilization for the Techologieal Age. Based on the philosophical critique and ethical assessment of science and techology, the tries to reconstructs a new theory which is called the ethics of responsibility. After a careful study of the origin, realization and basis of responsibility, the attempts not only to answer the question of possibility of the Responsibility in Techologieal Age, but also applies the principles [ imperative] of responsibility to the area of techology, medicine and ethics. All he has done is to prove the importance and realistic effect of responsibility in the Techologieal Age. Hans Jonas＇s demonstration of responsibility appeals to moral intuition and theology, while his realization of responsibility appeals to collective authority and individual responsibility. However, his unique theory is based on his deep introspection on anthropocentrism and different understanding to nature and value.