明清“小学”德育环境建设浅论

A Simple Comment on the Environmental Construction of Moral Education in Mingqing Primary School

明清"小学"的德育环境建设是指教育者主动创造具体的德育环境,以使受教育者受到熏陶、感染的一种德育途径。它包括"小学"的"硬环境"建设和"软环境"建设。前者指学校的选址、布局与教室的布置、安排等物化因素;后者指教师的选用、学生的日常活动要求等无形的,但又能时时处处让人感觉到的精神因素。其目的是为学生创造良好的"进德修业"环境,从而实现德育目标。明清"小学"的德育环境建设经验对当今中小学的德育工作有一定的借鉴意义。

The environmental construction of moral education in Mingqing Primary School refers to a way of moral education in which educators should autonomously create concrete environment for moral education in order to make the educated be influenced and affected. It includes the school＇s construction of both the ＂hard environment＂ and ＂soft environment＂. The former refers to the physical factors such as the choice of the school＇s address, the overall arrangement and the decoration of classrooms and so on; the latter refers to the spiritual factors that are invisible but could be felt constantly and everywhere such as the appointment of teacbers, the requirements of students＇ daily activities. The purpose is to create good environment for students to ＂cultivate their morality and engage in advanced studies＂ so as to realize the goals of moral education. Mingqing School＇s experiences of the environment construction for moral education have some significance for reference for the present moral education in primary and secondary schools.