晋陕蒙煤炭开发战略研究——中国区域煤炭开发战略之新探索

A Strategic Study of Coal Exploitation in Shanxi,Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia

区域煤炭开发战略是国家总体开发战略的基础和核心。我国煤炭资源依据开发制约的主要因素可划分为三种类型,即资源约束型、环境约束型、区位约束型。晋陕蒙(西)地区的煤炭资源具有三大特征和两大瓶颈,即煤炭资源优势、生态环境劣势、区位中势之特征,以及生态环境、运输能力之瓶颈。研究并总结了该区域煤炭资源开发所特有的规律,即:资源禀赋对开发规模的约束规律;矿井在开采过程中对岩层体、水体的影响,以及对生态环境和生存环境的影响规律;不同地质条件、不同自然地理环境下,开发对环境的影响规律;煤炭开发的资源、环境、经济、社会成本和收益规律。提出了坚持资源开发与环境保护双赢,近期与长期兼顾的总方针。充分利用本地区的丰富资源,提高资源的有效供给能力,保障国民经济对能源的需求。实现煤炭资源开发的经济效益、社会效益、生态效益、人的生存与发展效益相统一的总体战略目标;以及产能东稳西增、开发布局时空有序、生态缀块差异管理、生产规模化现代化、稀缺煤类保护等五项具体战略。

The regional coal exploitation strategy exploitation restraints, the country＇s coal resources is the foundation and kernel of the state can be divided into three types： resource overall development strategy. Based on restricted type, environmental restricted type and location restricted type. Coal resources in the Shanxi, Shaanxi and western Inner Mongolia have three characteristics of predominant coal resource, inferior ecological environment and mean location, and two bottlenecks of ecological environment, transport capacity. The authors studied and summarized peculiar patterns of coal resource exploitation in the area, namely： the natural resource endowment restricted exploitation scope; coal mining impacted rock, water masses and ecological, survival environments; exploitation impacted environment under different geological conditions, physical geographical environments; resource, environmental, economic, social costs and profits of coal exploitation. Put forward a general policy of persist in win-win to both resource exploitation and environmental protection; give attention to both near future and long-term advantages. Make the best of abundant resources in the area and improve effective supplying ability of resources to ensure national economic demand on energy source. Realize unified overall strategic objective of economical, social, ecological, human subsistence and development beneficial results as well as coal production throughput capacity steady in east and increasing in west, ordered exploitation space and time layout, habitat patch differentia management, large scale and modernized production, rare coal rank protection five practical strategies.