从社会教育模式和心理学看学习动机

Motivation in social-educational model and general psychology

学习动机是影响第二语言习得的关键因素之一。作为二语习得的重要理论,Gardner的社会教育模式强调了学习动机的社会性,认为它包含了目标、努力的行为、实现目标的愿望和积极的态度4个方面的内容,将其分为融入型动机和工具型动机。心理学则从学习者出发,强调个体的内部因素,把学习动机视为一个过程,将其划分为内在动机和外在动机。

Motivation is one of the most important factors influencing second language acquisition. In his social-educational model, Gardner points out that motivation is greatly influenced by social environment and it involves four aspects： a goal, effortful behaviour, a desire to attain the goal and favourable attitudes. Motivation is thus divided into two types： integrative and instrumental. General psychology, on the other hand, studies motivation from the learner＇s point of view and stresses what happens inside an individual. Motivation is regarded as a process, it is divided into intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation.