以黄浦江为水源的管网末梢水中微量有机物污染现状

Status of trace organic pollution in the network water came from Huangpu River

目的研究上海市以黄浦江为水源的管网水中微量有机物污染状况。方法采用固相萃取技术,以1g XAD-2和3g402树脂吸附饮水中有机物,30%丙酮-甲醇洗脱,根据美国EPA推荐的优先控制污染物类别,采用18种GC/MS方法检测。结果检出有机污染物10类142种,主要包括邻苯二甲酸酯类,酚类、胺类、醇酸酯类、脂肪烃类、卤代烷烃类、单/多环芳香族化合物、杂环化合物、醛/酮等化学物。结果表明水中邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、4-枯基苯酚、N-苯基-β-萘胺含量相对较高。其中,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯属EPA推荐的水体优先控制污染物,同时发现饮用水中含除草剂-莠去津和利谷隆和雌激素-3-脱氧雌二醇。结论以黄浦江为水源的饮用水污染谱复杂,所检出有机污染物多数未纳入国家标准。

Objeetlve To investigate the status of trace organic pollution of the network water came from Huangpu River in Shanghai. Methods An analytical method combining solid-phase extraction technique with gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry （SPE-GC/MS） was adopted for determination of trace organic chemicals in water samples. The resins containing XAD-2/402 （1：3） as solid sorbent enriched organic materials from drinking water, and 30% acetone-methanol was employed as elution solvent. 18 GC/MS methods were selected according to the priority substances of hazardous substances in drinking water recommended by US EPA. Results 142 kinds （10 categories） of organic pollutants were detected from drinking water, inculding phthalate esters, phenolic compounds, amines, alcohols/acids/ esters, aliphatic hydrocarbons, alkyl halides, mono-/poly-cyclo aromatic compounds, heterocyclic compounds, aldehydes/ ketones and others. Dibutyl phthalate（DBP）, 4-cumylphenol and N-phenyl-β-naphthylamine were found with relative high levels iff the water samples. DBP and dioctyl phthalate （DOP） were concldered by EPA to contral the priority list of hazardous substances. Herbicides such as atrazine and linuron, and estrogen （3-deoxyestradiol） came from drinking water were also detected. Conclusion Pollutants of drinking water came from Huangpu River as water source were complex. Most of the pollutants detected were not listed into Standards for Drinking Water Quality in China （ GB5749-2006）, so obviously, their comprehensive harmful effect should be further taken into account.