城市生活垃圾焚烧系统中二噁英的生成与质量平衡

PCDD/F Formation and Its Mass Balance in a MSW Incineration System

基于一机械炉排式垃圾焚烧炉,调查了2种工况条件下二噁英（PCDD/F）在烟气、飞灰和底灰中的分布,并且计算了PCDD/F的质量平衡.在锅炉出口,工况1（RUN1）和工况2（RUN2）条件下烟气中PCDD/F的含量分别为2.602 ng.m^-3和1.236ng.m^-3.在酸气中和塔（SDS）和旋风除尘器（CP）,PCDD/F有一明显的低温生成机制（260-180℃）.与锅炉出口烟气相比,RUN1和RUN2条件下的CP出口烟气PCDD/F总量分别增加了82.2%和17.6%,并且增加的PCDD/F主要分布于PCDF.在布袋除尘器（BF）部分,约90%的PCDD/F被捕获进入BF灰.锅炉灰、CP灰、BF灰和各部分烟气中PCDD/F同系物的分布模式大致相同.高的烟气O2含量导致了较多的PCDD/F生成,但烟气中PCDD/F同系物的分布模式并不随O2含量的变化而改变.以四氯-八氯取代PCDD/F总量计算,RUN1条件下生成的PCDD/F分别有10.4%、3.2%、9.3%6、4.1%和13.0%分配进入底灰、锅炉灰、CP灰、BF灰和排放到空气中的烟气,相应的值对于RUN2分别为8.6%8、.0%、9.4%、66.7%和7.3%.

PCDD/F distributions in a two-stage reciprocating grate municipal solid waste（MSW） incinerator under two kinds of operating conditions were investigated by sampling the ashes,flue gases and bottom ashes at different positions,and the mass balance was calculated.At the boiler outlet,the concentration of PCDD/F in the flue gas is 2.602ng·m^-3 and 1.236ng·m^-3 under operating condition 1（RUN1） and operating condition 2（RUN2）,respectively.A significant formation of PCDD/F was found in the sections of semi-dry scrubber（SDS） and cyclone precipitator（CP）,in which the temperature of flue gas was in the range of 260～180℃.Compared with PCDD/F level measured at the boiler outlet,the total concentration of tetra-to octa-CDD/F measured at the CP outlet increased 82.2% and 17.6% under RUN1 and RUN2,respectively.At the bag filter（BF） section,about 90% of PCDD/F was removed from the flue gas by the precipitation of fly ash.The PCDD/F homologue patterns were almost similar for the boiler ash,CP ash,BF ash and the flue gases.The higher O2 content in flue gas led to a larger PCDD/F yield,but the variation of O2 level did not give rise to a systematical change of PCDD/F homologue pattern.Under RUN1,10.4%,3.2%,9.3%,64.1% and 13.0% of formed tetra-to octa-CDD/F were distributed into bottom ash,boiler ash,CP ash,BF ash and emission gas,respectively.The corresponding values were 8.6%,8.0%,9.4%,66.7% and 7.3% for RUN2,respectively.