AMPA受体失敏和快速兴奋性突触传递

AMPA Receptor Desensitization and Fast Excitatory Synaptic Transmission

ＡＭＰＡ（α－ａｍｉｎｏ－３－ｈｙｄｒｏｘｙ－５－ｍｅｔｈｙｌ－４－ｉｓｏｘａｚｏｌｅｐｒｏｐｉｏｎｉｃａｃｉｄ）受体是离子型谷氨酸受体中重要的一类亚型，在中枢神经系统内主要介导快速的兴奋性突触传递。近年来，ＡＭＰＡ受体独特的失敏特性逐渐被阐明，已经确定了一些特异调节ＡＭＰＡ受体失敏的化合物。大量的生理学和药理学证据表明，ＡＭＰＡ受体失敏在快速兴奋性突触传递过程中起着重要的作用，对单个突触的传递效率、神经元的整合功能和突触的可塑性均有影响。

AMPA(α amino 3 hydroxy 5 methyl 4 isoxazolepropionic acid) receptor, an ionotropic glutamate receptor subtype, mediates fast excitatory synaptic transmission in central nervous system. Recently, the distinct characteritics of AMPA receptor desensitization have been gradually revealed and a number of chemicals which selectively modulate AMPA receptor desensitization have been developed. Many lines of physiological and pharmacological evidence show that AMPA receptor desensitization plays an important role in fast excitatory synaptic transmission by affecting transmission efficacy of individual synaptic bouton, integrative functions of neuron, and synapse plasticity.