冷战后美国对中东战略的学理因素探究

A Theoretical Probe into the U.S.'s Strategy towards the Middle East after the Cold War

塞缪尔.亨廷顿的"文明冲突论"、弗朗西斯.福山的"历史终结论",以及约瑟夫.奈的"软实(权)力说"等均对冷战后美国对中东战略的确立、实施和调整产生了影响,他们学术思想中的政策相关性更构成布什政府对中东战略的重要学理依据。其中,亨廷顿与福山等人的学术理念对"布什主义"影响甚深;约瑟夫.奈则对布什政府修复"美国形象"、后布什政府重振国家实力等积极建言。在美国对中东战略陷入困境之际,亨廷顿等人的学术观念亦遇到现实的严峻挑战,且政府与学界都出现了调整与反思的迹象。探究这些重要的学理因素,旨在深度体认并预判美国对中东战略及其走势,反思美国的国际关系理论对中国学界强化研究"思维的主体性"所产生的销蚀力,为构建"和谐世界"提供坚实的学理支撑。

Some popular theories like 'The Clash of Civilization'(Huntington Samnel),'The End of History'(Francis Fukuyama) and 'A Comparison of the Power'(Joseph S.Nye),have all imposed on U.S policy decision,implement and adjustment in the Middle East,and Bush Administration has adopted some of their theories as the important theoretical basis to make U.S 'sMiddle East Strategy.Especially,the academic theories of Huntington Samnel and Francis Fukuyama have exerted great influence on the formation of 'Bush Doctrine',and Joseph S.Nye once suggested Bush Administration to restore 'American Image' and national power in the world.Now,U.S is falling into difficult position in the Middle East,and some theories like those advocated by Huntington Samnel are facing great challenges,and voices from both government and academy were heard to readjust the policy in the Middle East. It is necessary to study these theories in order to understand or judge better the trends of U.S 's Middle East policy.It is also useful to rethink the corrosive influence of American's international theories on the study of Chinese academic fields on 'The Subject of thinking',so that to support the scientific study for building 'Harmonious world'.