试析阿富汗民族国家建构的阶段和特征

An Analysis on the Phrases and Features of the State Building in Afghanistan

阿富汗的民族国家建构从11世纪开始,可以分为5个历史阶段:中古(阿富汗统一国家基础的形成)、近代(阿富汗国家的形成及其早期发展)、现代(阿富汗的独立及民族国家的初步形成)、当代(阿富汗民族国家在曲折中发展)和1978年"四月革命"以后(阿富汗民族国家走向解构)。这里面有4个问题值得注意:阿富汗作为欧亚弧型地带多民族国家进行民族国家建构典型之一的意义;第三世界弱小国家的安全保障和中立问题;君主制在第三世界现代化中的作用;阿富汗与伊斯兰世界的密切联系。

The building of Afghanistan state began from the 11st century and there are five periods for this process,which are the ancient times(the formation of the basis of united Afghanistan nation),the age of recent antiquity(the early stage of united Afghanistan nation),the modern times(the independence of Afghanistan nation and early days),the contemporary times( the development stage of statehood),and the period after 'April Revolution'(the times of rebuilding of Afghanistan state).There are four issues which should be concerned: the meaning as one of the typical example to rebuild a national state in this Europe-Asia arc region;the issue of security guarantee and neutrality as a third world country;the issue of the role of monarchy in modernization in the third world;the close relation between Afghanistan and Islam world.