精神分裂症患者凶杀案件的犯罪学特征

Criminological characteristics of murder cases from patients with schizophrenia

目的探讨精神分裂症患者和精神正常者凶杀案件犯罪学特征的差异性。方法采用自行编制的司法精神病学鉴定案例调查表对精神医学鉴定案例中鉴定结论为精神分裂症的146例案例(研究组)和鉴定结论为正常者(对照组)的103例案例进行比较分析。结果研究组平均年龄显著高于对照组(t=2.46,P<0.01)。研究组89.7%被评定为无责任能力,对照组99%被评定为完全责任能力(P<0.01)。研究组更多地采取公开作案方式,对照组隐蔽作案多见;研究组危害对象更多地涉及近亲和同事,而对照组涉及朋友多见;研究组作案动机主要为病理动机、混合动机和不明动机,现实动机较少,而对照组主要为现实动机,不明动机较少。两组作案方式、危害对象、作案动机均有极显著性差异(P<0.01)。研究组89%在精神症状直接支配下作案,最常见的精神症状(前四位)依次为被害妄想、幻听、关系妄想、逻辑障碍。结论精神分裂症患者凶杀案件的犯罪学特征明显不同与正常人,其责任能力的评定与其精神病理学特征及严重程度有关。

Objective To explore the differences of criminological characteristics between schizophrenic and eunoia murder cases. Methods Compari＇sons and analyses were conducted with the Self-made Questionaire for Forensic Psychiatrics Expertise Cases（SQFPEC） in 146 cases appraised as schizophrenia（researc searc searc h group） and 103 as normal（control group）. Results The mean age was significantly higher in the research than in the control group（P〈0.01）. 89.7 percent were appraised as no responsibility in the research group and 99% as total responsibility in the control group（P〈0.01）. The research group commited a crime more openly and the control did relatives and colleagues and ones of the pathological, mixed and unknown, and reality motive and unknown motive less. covertly; jeopardized objects of the research group were more close control group friends; motives of the research group were mainly reality motive was less, but that of the control group was mainly There were significant differnces in ways, jeopardized objects and motives between the 2 groups（P〈0.01）. 89%0 of the research group commited a crime under the direct control of psychiatric symptoms, the commonest psychiatric symptoms were in order delusion of persecution, auditory hallucination, delusion of reference and paralogia. Conclusion Criminological characteristics of schizophrenic murder cases are obviously different from those of health adults＇, their responsibility evaluations are related to psychopathological features and severity.