从三堂街话中古全浊声母字读音看喻母的来源

Research on Initial Yu's Origin from Pronunciation of Voiced Obstruents Initias in Santangjietown Dialect

中古声母中的全浊音到了《中原音韵》时代全部变读为相应的清音声母。其规律是,原全浊塞音与塞擦音平声字归同部位的次清音、仄声字归同部位的全清音、擦音多清化为同类清音。这一规律在浊音发生清化的方言中大都适用,但在湘方言三堂街话中,中古全浊声母多读为零声母。这与浊音清化的规律不符,也与湘方言其他地方读音相异。这是声母受主元音或介音的影响,或同化或异化的结果。这一特殊音读现象有助于我们重新探讨中古喻母的来源。

All voiced obstruents in Mediaeval Times became unvoiced in Era when Zhongyuan Rhymes was written. The regularity was that the voiced obstruents of plosives and affricates with level tone became unvoiced apirateds with sites unchanged; those with oblique tones became unvoiced non-apirateds with the same sites; and the all fricative initials turned unvoiced. The regularity ran in almost all dialects where the voiced-unvoiced change took place with Santangjietown dialect as the only exception. In this dialect voiced obstruents are mostly read as zero initials. Research found that this divergence from the main regularity resulted from assimilation or disassimilation of initials under influence of main vowels or medial vowels. The special phenomenon helps us research the initial Yu＇s origin.