城市轨道交通票价制定策略与经营对策

Pricing Policy and Management Strategy of Urban Rail Transit

票务收入作为轨道交通企业收入的主要来源,如何制定出合理票价一直是讨论的焦点。根据不同时期、不同的定价目的,通过运用目标函数,建立了运营初期、运营达到平衡期和占竞争优势期的三个定价模型;并以实现轨道交通企业持续发展为前提,提出了有针对性的经营措施,从而实现社会、轨道企业和乘客的"多赢"。

Ticket revenue is the main source for the income of rail transit enterprises, how to establish a reasonable price has always been the point of discussion in this field. With an introduction of the fare policies of rail transit in Tokyo, Singapore, Scoul, Hong Kong, Beijing and other cities, the author points out that rail transit enterprises have different objectives, different pricing principles at different times and market conditiong The price of the rail transit shall insure the maximum profits, the balance between the operating costs and social benefits, and the balance between the interests of passengers and operator. The whole operation time of the rail is divided into three different stages： early stage, balance stage and advantage stage. The market conditions, competitive ability, transport demand and urban development in the three stages have different characteristics. The author argues that different pricing strategies and corresponding measures according to different pricing objectives shall be adopted to achieve the goal of sustainable development, This paper also uses objective function to establish three pricing models for the three different stages respectively. For the sustainable development of urban rail transit, this paper proposes some corresponding management measures to achieve the comprehensive benefits of society, enterprises, and passengers.