重复与悲剧——康拉德小说情节研究

Repetition and Tragedy: a Study of Joseph Conrad's Plots

重复不仅是小说的一个重要现象,而且是悲剧的重要特征。约瑟夫.康拉德的多部小说在情节方面具有明显的重复现象,这主要体现在两个层面上。首先,康拉德的小说主人公在犯错之后,往往不思悔改,而是执迷不悟地重复同样的错误,从而导致个体的悲剧。其次,在康拉德的每一部小说中,总有一些人,或同时、或相继地重复同样的错误,从而导致群体的悲剧。康拉德正是利用重复手段,揭示了悲剧的普遍性和永恒性。同时,康拉德通过小说情节和人物语言提出,懂得放弃是唯一的解救途径。

Repetition is not only an important phenomenon of fiction, but also an important characteristics of tragedy. The recurrences in Joseph Conrad＇s plots fall into two categories ： individual＇s repetition of one mistake and a group of persons＇ repetition of one mistake. Individually speaking, one cannot keep from repeating one mistake until the tragedy befalls him. Collectively speaking, many characters in a novel repeat the same mistake simultane- ously or successively, and become tragic as a community. and eternity of tragedy. Conrad also suggests that the only Conrad＇s repetition in plots represents the universality way to free of tragedy is to abdicate.