前后路联合手术治疗腰骶段脊柱结核

COMBINED ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR SURGERIES FOR LUMBARSACRAL JUNCTION TUBERCULOSIS

目的探讨前后路联合手术治疗腰骶段脊柱结核的优点及适应证。方法2002年1月-2006年12月,采用前路彻底清除病灶、植骨融合结合后路器械固定、融合治疗腰骶段脊柱结核11例,男9例,女2例;年龄20～56岁。病程4～15个月,平均6个月。病变位于L5、S17例,L4、5、S12例,L5、S22例。累及2个节段7例,3个节段4例。术前后凸成角5～18°,平均9°。4例伴有肺结核;3例伴窦道形成;3例伴不同程度的神经根受压;9例伴椎旁脓肿。所有患者均行一期手术。结果术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,结核无复发。术后随访6个月～3年,平均18个月。疗效按Chen等标准评定,优9例,良2例。术后12个月X线片检查示融合节段有连续骨小梁形成并通过椎间隙10例,1例术后CT扫描证实前方有假关节形成。融合时间5～7个月,平均6个月。术后后凸成角0～4°,平均2°。3例神经根受压症状术后消失。血常规、血沉、肝肾功正常9例,2例肝转氨酶升高。结论前路彻底病灶清除、植骨结合后路器械固定治疗腰骶段脊柱结核具有安全、操作简便、利于恢复脊柱的稳定性、提高植骨融合率、纠正和预防后凸畸形的优点,适用于腰骶段脊柱结核伴窦道及术前诊断尚不能排除化脓性脊椎炎者。

Objective To explore the advantage and indication of combined anterior and posterior surgeries for lumbarsacral junction tuberculosis. Methods Eleven cases of the lumbarsacral junction tuberculosis were treated with combined anterior （radical debridement and autograft） and posterior （instrumentation and fusion） surgeries in one stage between January 2002 and December 2006. There were 9 males and 2 females with the age of 20-56 years old. The course of disease was 4 to 15 months, 6 months on average. The lessons were located at L5, S1 in 7 patients, at L4,5, S1 in 2 patients and at L5, S2 in 2 patients. The involved vertebral bodies were at 2 segments in 7 patients; and 3 segments in 5 patients. The preoperative kyphosis was 5 to 8° with an average 9°. The sinus was associated in 3 patients, 3 patients had radiculopathy; 4 had paeumonophthisis and 9 had abscess. Results The followed-up period was from 6 months to 3 years, 18 months on average. According to Chen score, among the 11 cases, there were excellent in 9, good in 2. All incisions were healed up primarily. After operation, spinal fusion was achieved in 10 cases within 5 months to 7 months, 6 months on average, and pseudoarthrosis in 1 case was found by the CT examination. The postoperative kyphosis was 0 to 4° with the mean of 2° and the radiculopathy in 3 cases all got nerve function recovery. Conclusion Lumbarsacral junction tuberculosis treated with this surgical technique can achieve a high satisfactory rate with restoring the spinal stability, arresting the disease early, providing early fusion, correcting the kyphosis and preventing progression of kyphosis particularly if lumbosacral spine tuberculosis is associated with sinus or preoperative diagnosis cannot exclude suppurative spondylitis.