四种不同类型土壤保水剂保水性能的比较

Water conservation performance of four types of super absorbent polymer

采用室内实验和田间试验,研究了4种不同类型的保水剂在水溶液及土壤中的保水性能及其差异,分析了保水剂类型与用量对保水性能的影响、以及它们对田间土壤贮水量和玉米产量的影响。结果表明:保水剂的保水性能与剂型粒度关系密切,聚丙烯酸盐类以及粒度较小的保水剂在水溶液和土壤中具有较好的持水性能,可将水溶液中的水分蒸发速率降至对照的0.76和0.75倍。保水剂的施用存在一个最佳区间,过量或不足量施用均会降低其保水性能。保水剂对田间土壤的保水效果受作物吸收的影响,保水剂可提高玉米产量和水分利用效率(WUE),淀粉-丙烯酸类聚合物的增产增效效果显著,其中海礁王(HJW)对玉米WUE的增幅高达15.06%。

With laboratory test and field experiment, this paper studied the water conservation performance of four types of super absorbent polymer （SAP） in deionized water and loam soil, and the effects of the type and dosage of SAP on the soil water storage and maize yield. The results showed that the water conservation performance of SAP was highly related to its type and particle size. The SAP composed of polyacrylate and with smaller particle size presented a higher water conservation capability in deionized water and loam soil, with the evaporation rate reduced to 0.76 and 0.75 times of CK. The dosage of SAP had an optimal range. Excess or scarcity would restrain the water conservation of SAP. The water conservation performance of SAP in field was affected by the water uptake by crop. Application of SAP could improve maize yield and its water use efficiency （WUE）. In the test four types of SAP, starch-acrylic acid graft copolymers had significant yield-increasing effect, and HJW could increase the WUE of maize by 15.06%.