从“实录”到“求真”:近现代史学理论的转型

Transformation in Historiography Theory from Faithful Recording to Truth Seeking

语言是思想、理论的载体。因此,语言中某些核心概念的转变,在一定程度上就体现出思想或理论之主要内容及其背后的认识取向与思维模式的转变。据此,中国古代史学"实录"思想向近现代史学"求真"概念的转变,表面上虽是语言的变化,实质上则是在认识取向上从"实录"之实用性向"求真"之知识性的转变,在思维模式上从"实录"之分散性向"求真"之系统性的转变,在语言表达上"实录"是一种叙述的理解,而"求真"则开始转向逻辑的论证与推理。这些转变,在一定意义上就反映了近现代史学理论转型的基本内容。在近现代学术背景下,这种转型既是必然的趋势,也是认识上不断深化的过程,更是扬弃传统史学思想与借鉴西方史学理论两者相互融合的过程。

The language is the cartier of thought and theory. So in some extent the change of some important concepts represents the change of the orientation of knowing and pattern of thinking of main content of thought and theory, according to which, although the change from ＂faithful recording＂ to ＂truth seeking＂ is the change of language on the surface, in the essence it is the change from the orientation of utility to the orientation of knowledge, and on the pattern of thinking it is the change from separation to system, and in the expression it is from understanding of narration to understanding of reason. The paper argues that the change has reflected the main content of transformation in historiography theory in a way. Moreover, under modem academic background this kind of transformation is an inevitable tendency, and is the process in which the understanding unceasingly deepens, and develops the good and discards the bad in the traditional thought of history while learning from the western historiography theory.