论宋代题山水画诗“画中有我”的自寓性

The Poets’ Self-presence in the Poems for Landscape Paintings in the Song Dynasty

宋代诗人在观赏山水画图时,常常会表现出强烈的画中有我的意境参与意识,产生如入画境的出位之思和欲入画境之想望。如果说前者还只是暂时置身其间的艺术幻觉,后者则由艺术的审美活动,深入到人生的理想追求。宋代诗人在题山水画诗中表现出来的这种画中有我的自寓性,是宋代特定文化环境中的士人心态所致,亦与当时山水画创作的实际情形密切相关。从审美主体而言,眼观画图、神游山水,是宋代士人身居庙堂之中而获得山林野逸之趣的重要途径,是他们化解仕隐矛盾的一剂良方。就审美客体来说,是宋代山水画"可行"、"可望"、"可居"、"可游"之景及其强烈的艺术感染力,直接导引出诗人自寓其中的感受。

While enjoying the poems for paintings, the poets in Song Dynasty often had a feeling that ＂I am in the picture＂, as if eager to get into the paintings. This phenomenon resulted from the poets＇ state of mind in the specific cultural environment in the Song Dynasty, as well as the circumstances of the landscape paintings. The poets could live a fresh and quiet life by enjoying the landscape, and it was an important way to abandon the hustle and bustle of the world. On the other hand, a kind of strong artistic communication in paintings made the poets engender directly the feeling that ＂I am in the picture＂.