谁的“现代”,何种“现代”?——从鲁迅早期文言文看其对中国现代化问题的整体构想与现实意义

Whose "Modernization" and What Kind? —Lu Xun’s Overall Concept of the Issue of China’s Modernization and Its Realistic Significance Judging from His Early Classical Chinese Writings

鲁迅的意义不在于为提供了什么高明的现代化理论,而在于确立了一种近代中国最缺乏的"批判性质询"的态度。从这种现代性态度出发,鲁迅建构了自己关于现代化问题思考的完整构想:以"审己"为原则,以"比较"为方法,以"自觉"为"本根",以"精神"为"根本"。鲁迅的构想是出于文化整体的观照,他同样重视精神之外的政治、经济问题。

This paper tries to refute the various trendy fallacies and misconceptions and holds that Lu Xun＇s significance lies not in his creation of any wise modernization theory, but in the establishment of an attitude of ＂critical query＂ which was most lacking in modern China. With this modern attitude, Lu Xun built his own complete concept on the issue of modernization： ＂examination of oneself＇ as the principle, ＂comparison＂ as the approach, ＂self-consciousness＂ as the ＂root＂, and ＂spirit＂ as ＂foundation.＂ Lu Xun＇s idea lies in his reflection on culture as a whole. Nevertheless, he attached equal importance to the political and economic issues as well.