中国工科生源的需求分析

Needs Analysis of College Engineering Student Source in China

在经济全球化形势下,产业发展迅速,对工程人才在数量和质量上提出了新的、很高的要求,而由于工程教育面临生源不足和工程教育泛科学化等问题,难以满足产业的需求,这对工程教育构成巨大挑战,也带来新的机遇。中国拥有丰富的优秀工科生源,也拥有世界最大的工程教育规模和巨大的工程人才市场需求。只要坚持工程教育改革,建立教育与产业的合作机制,实施工程教育国际化战略,贯彻"做中学"的教学方法,大力提高工程人才培养的质量,使其真正满足产业升级和发展的需要,中国的工程教育一定可以为中国和世界经济的发展作出巨大贡献。本文在对中外大学和企业进行调查研究和查阅大量中外资料的基础上,对中外高等工程教育的生源和需求的历史及现状进行了分析、比较与总结,提出了我们的观点和战略思考,以供工程教育决策者、管理者及实践者参考。

In the era of economic globalization, industry grows rapidly and sets new and high standards for engineering talents both in quantity and quality for further development. However, it is rather difficult to meet the requirements of the industrial development due to the shortage of student source and the transdisciplinary trend in engineering education, which has not only challenged engineering education but brought in new opportunity. China has abundant quality student source for engineering study in colleges, the largest engineering education system and the largest human resources market for engineering talents as well , all of which are superior conditions for great development of engineering education. As long as China continues its efforts on engineering education reform, reinforces cooperation between universities and industries, promotes engineering education globalization, adopts the paradigm of “learning by doing”, improve the quality of engineering education to the level meeting the requirements from industry upgrading and development, Chinese engineering education will surely contribute more to economic growth in China and the world. Based on the investigation of universities and enterprises in China and abroad and referring to many literatures and publications, this paper compares, analyzes and summarizes the history and current status of engineering student source and need in China and some foreign countries. Some strategic viewpoints are concluded and some suggestions are provided for policy makers, administration and practitioners of engineering education for reference.