一种新颖的实现冷原子或冷分子囚禁的可控制光学四阱及其二维光学晶格

A Novel Controllable Four-Well Optical Trap for Cold Atoms or Molecules and Its Two-Dimensional Optical Lattices

原子光学晶格为精确操控中性原子和研究某些基本物理问题提供了一种方法。提出了一种利用单光束照明余弦型振幅光栅与透镜组合系统实现冷原子或冷分子囚禁的可控制光学四阱新方案,计算了四阱的光强分布,讨论了从光学四阱到双阱或单阱的演化过程,并导出了光学四阱的几何参量、光强分布、强度梯度及其曲率与光学透镜系统参量间的解析关系,获得了四阱间距与光栅空间频率的关系。研究表明通过改变余弦光栅的空间频率即可实现从光学四阱到双阱或单阱的连续双向演化。

Atomic optical lattices offer a method for manipulating neutral atoms accurately and study on several basic problems in physics. We propose a novel scheme to form a controllable four-well optical trap for cold atoms or molecules by using an optical system composed of an amplitude cosine grating and a lens illuminated by a plane light wave. We calculate the intensity distribution of the four-well optical trap, discuss the evolution process of the optical trap from four wells to double wells or single well, and derive the analytical relations between the characteristic parameters of the four-well trap （including geometric parameters, intensity distribution, intensity gradients and their curvatures） and the parameters of the optical lens system. The study shows that this four-well trap can continuously evolve into a double-well or single-well one by changing space frequency of the cosine grating, and the dependence of the distance between the trapping centers of the four wells or two ones on the grating space frequency is obtained.